{"id":1333,"date":"2019-12-06T17:10:53","date_gmt":"2019-12-06T09:10:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.finmonster.com\/blog\/?p=1333"},"modified":"2020-02-12T16:39:03","modified_gmt":"2020-02-12T08:39:03","slug":"brief-discussion-on-corporate-banking-services-long-term-financing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.finmonster.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/06\/brief-discussion-on-corporate-banking-services-long-term-financing\/","title":{"rendered":"Brief Discussion on Corporate Banking Services (3) \u2014 Long Term Financing"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In previous articles, we talked about Working Capital Loan<\/a> and Trade Finance<\/a> in Corporate Banking. Those are short-term financing products for small and medium enterprises. For the more sophisticated enterprises or even investment consortium, they may borrow longer term for various loan purposes like Capital Expenditure, Refinancing and even for Merger & Acquisition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilateral\nvs. Club Financing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In general, the borrowing relationship between bank and enterprise is bilateral (i.e. 1 bank vs. 1 borrower). Given the higher risk exposure of long term financing, some banks tend not to finance the transaction solely by one bank but to share the exposure among different banks in form of a club or syndication financing. Club financing transaction is usually funded by relationship banks of a borrowing group while syndication often involves larger group of participating banks not only at home country but from the region or even around the world. Meanwhile, banks earn the title of different classes like Arranger or Mandated Lead Arranger & Bookrunner (MLAB) subject to the size of their respective lending exposure.  A MLAB is necessary to lead the financing including documentation, lender pitching and Information Memomedrum write up. There is no minimum level for club or syndication financing but due to the high operating cost, the deal size is usually not less than USD50m for club or USD100m for syndication. Usually, a Facility Agent is also appointed to handle the future communications between lenders and borrower in case of Club\/Syndication Financing. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Obligors<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Borrower can be operating entity\nor Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) which is set up on purpose solely as a\nborrowing entity. SPV is common especially for project loan or acquisition.\nDepending on situation, operating entities, listed companies and\/or parent\ncompanies may provide Guarantee, Keep-well Deed or Letter of Comfort to provide\nadditional credit support. Unlike Guarantee, Keep-well is an undertaking to\nensure sufficient liquidity of Borrower to repay liability in form of equity\ninjection or standby facilities. This is commonly seen in offshore debt by\nChinese enterprises where parent\u2019s guarantee is not available due to regulatory\nrequirement. All borrowers, guarantor and keep-well providers are altogether\nnamed as Obligor in the transaction. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tenor\nand repayment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The common loan tenor is 3 years\nwith a few amortizations starting 12-18 months after loan drawdown. However,\ndue to keen competition among banks, sometimes bullet loan (single repayment at\nmaturity) or longer terms like 4 or 5 years are not uncommon for quality\nborrower. The average loan life is the measurement of the weighted average of\nthe loan duration considering how early, how much and how many times of\nrepayment would be made before final maturity. For a typical 3-year term loan\nwith 20\/20\/20\/40 percent of repayment from 18th<\/sup>, 24th<\/sup>, 30th<\/sup>\nand 36th <\/sup>(final maturity) month respectively after loan drawdown,\nthe average loan life is 2.4 years^. Bank prefers to have more repayments\nbefore maturity such that the balloon repayment (instalment at maturity) is smaller\nwith less refinancing risk. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

^\n0.2×18+0.2×24+0.2×30+0.4×36 = 28.8 months or 2.4 years<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pricing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The pricing is usually the\ncombination of arrangement fee plus interest. Conventionally, the interest is\non floating basis which is LIBOR + margin if it is USD loan. As a standard\ncomparison, the total cost will be presented as All-in pricing which is the sum\nof margin and fee per annum (defined as arrangement fee percentage divided by\naverage loan life). As it is a floating rate loan, interest period (normally 1,\n3 or 6 month) will be optional to Borrower for selection. To ensure making\ninterest payment periodically, Interest Reserve Account would be created and\/or\ncharged as a security to ensure sufficient cash is maintained. If interest rate\nrisk or currency risk is the main concern, Interest Rate Swap or Cross Currency\nSwap as treasury solution can be bundled for treasury risk mitigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Committed\nLoan<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Unlike short-term loan which is\nusually payable on demand, the term loan is a committed loan and lenders cannot\ndemand for repayment in advance of the original schedule unless certain\nPrepayment requirement or Events of Default (EOD) are triggered. For example,\nBorrower would have to prepay in full if the control of Borrower changes or\nmajority of asset or business is disposed because the fundamentals of the\ncredit may have been materially changed and the original terms and conditions\nare no longer applicable. Apart from non-payment, there are also sets of\nUndertakings and Financial Covenants to control the company underlaying and monitor\nthe business performance during the life of facility. For Undertakings, the\nmost common ones are the supply of financial information like providing timely\naudited financial statements and Compliance Certificate to ensure all Financial\nCovenants are complied. From time to time, there could be non-compliance for\nthe above which would lead to the one-off waiver or amendment request to seek\nmajority or all lenders\u2019 consent. However, this would be judgmental by lenders\nand each has its own merits. As a result, the negotiation of terms and\nconditions before the signing of Facility Agreement are instrumental to strike\na balance between sufficient credit control and buffering. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Corporate\nLending Future<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Traditionally, the terms and conditions are offered by Lender in form of Term Sheet or Facility Agreement before and after formal credit approval. Credit information like KYC, financial and business information is turned in to banks for approval and loan document is to be signed on paper manually. The process could be lengthy range from 2months to 3 months. However, would it be possible if Borrowers are able to tailor its preferred terms, distribute loan information to various lenders securely for participation and sign off the loan document through Smart Agreement all the way in single fintech platform? This is exactly the digitalisation trend in Corporate Banking. Fintech solution powered by Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) streamline the loan origination process while banks can focus on their specialization on credit risk and balance sheet management. We\u2019ll share our thoughts in upcoming article. Please stay tuned with FinMonster<\/a>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In previous articles, we talked about Working Capital Loan and Trade Finance in Corporate Banking. Those are short-term financing products for small and medium enterprises. For the more sophisticated enterprises or even investment consortium, they may borrow longer term for various loan purposes like Capital Expenditure, Refinancing and even for Merger & Acquisition…..(continue reading)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1334,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[1305],"tags":[574,461],"yoast_head":"\nBrief Discussion on Corporate Banking Services (3) \u2014 Long Term Financing - FinMonster Blog<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.finmonster.com\/blog\/2019\/12\/06\/brief-discussion-on-corporate-banking-services-long-term-financing\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Brief Discussion on Corporate Banking Services (3) \u2014 Long Term Financing - FinMonster Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"In previous articles, we talked about Working Capital Loan and Trade Finance in Corporate Banking. 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